探究kubernetes 探针参数
periodSeconds

timeoutSeconds

问题起源

kubernetes probes的配置中有两个容易混淆的参数,
periodSeconds

timeoutSeconds
,其配置方式如下:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: darwin-app
spec:
  containers:
  - name: darwin-container
    image: darwin-image
    livenessProbe:
      httpGet:
        path: /darwin-path
        port: 8080
      initialDelaySeconds: 60
      periodSeconds: 10
      timeoutSeconds: 5
      failureThreshold: 3

官方
对这两个参数的解释如下:

  • periodSeconds
    : How often (in seconds) to perform the probe. Default to 10 seconds. The minimum value is 1.
  • timeoutSeconds
    : Number of seconds after which the probe times out. Defaults to 1 second. Minimum value is 1.

意思是说
periodSeconds
表示执行探针的周期,而
timeoutSeconds
表示执行探针的超时时间。

网上有不少针对这两个参数的讨论(如下),其中涉及到一个问题,
如果
timeoutSeconds
>
periodSeconds
会怎么样?

  1. What is the role of timeoutSeconds in kubernetes liveness/readiness probes?
  2. Kubernetes Health Check: timeoutSeconds exceeds periodSeconds
  3. Does periodSeconds in Kubernetes probe configuration count from the last probe time or the last response/failure time?

其中在上面的第3篇中对
timeoutSeconds
>
periodSeconds
的情况有如下描述,即在这种情况下,如果探针超时,则探针周期等于
timeoutSeconds
。那么这种说法是否正确呢?

If you had the opposite (
timeoutSeconds=10
,
periodSeconds=5
), then the probes would look as follows:

0s: liveness probe initiated
10s: liveness probe times out
10s: liveness probe initiated again

源码探究

鉴于网上众说纷纭,我们通过源码来一探究竟。

kubernetes的探针机制是由kubelet执行的,目前支持
exec

grpc

httpGet

tcpSocket
这4种探针方式。

探针的代码逻辑并不复杂,以v1.30.2的代码为例,其
入口函数
如下,可以看到它会启动一个周期为
w.spec.PeriodSeconds
(即探针中定义的
periodSeconds
)定时器,周期性地执行探针。

// run periodically probes the container.
func (w *worker) run() {
	ctx := context.Background()
	probeTickerPeriod := time.Duration(w.spec.PeriodSeconds) * time.Second
	...

	probeTicker := time.NewTicker(probeTickerPeriod)
	...
probeLoop:
	for w.doProbe(ctx) {
		// Wait for next probe tick.
		select {
		case <-w.stopCh:
			break probeLoop
		case <-probeTicker.C:
		case <-w.manualTriggerCh:
			// continue
		}
	}
}

现在已经找到
periodSeconds
的用途,下一步需要找到
timeoutSeconds

  1. 首先进入
    doProbe
    函数,它调用了
    w.probeManager.prober.probe

    // doProbe probes the container once and records the result.
    // Returns whether the worker should continue.
    func (w *worker) doProbe(ctx context.Context) (keepGoing bool) {
    	...
    	// Note, exec probe does NOT have access to pod environment variables or downward API
    	result, err := w.probeManager.prober.probe(ctx, w.probeType, w.pod, status, w.container, w.containerID)
    	if err != nil {
    		// Prober error, throw away the result.
    		return true
    	}
    	...
    }
    
  2. 下面的
    probe
    函数用于执行一个特定的探针。需要注意的是,它调用了
    pb.runProbeWithRetries
    ,其中
    maxProbeRetries
    值为3,说明在一个周期(
    periodSeconds
    )中
    最多可以执行3次探针命令

    // probe probes the container.
    func (pb *prober) probe(ctx context.Context, probeType probeType, pod *v1.Pod, status v1.PodStatus, container v1.Container, containerID kubecontainer.ContainerID) (results.Result, error) {
    	var probeSpec *v1.Probe
    	switch probeType {
    	case readiness:
    		probeSpec = container.ReadinessProbe
    	case liveness:
    		probeSpec = container.LivenessProbe
    	case startup:
    		probeSpec = container.StartupProbe
    	default:
    		return results.Failure, fmt.Errorf("unknown probe type: %q", probeType)
    	}
    	...
    	result, output, err := pb.runProbeWithRetries(ctx, probeType, probeSpec, pod, status, container, containerID, maxProbeRetries)
    	...
    }
    
  3. runProbeWithRetries
    的注释说明,
    可能会执行多次探针
    ,直到探针返回成功或全部尝试失败:

    // runProbeWithRetries tries to probe the container in a finite loop, it returns the last result
    // if it never succeeds.
    func (pb *prober) runProbeWithRetries(ctx context.Context, probeType probeType, p *v1.Probe, pod *v1.Pod, status v1.PodStatus, container v1.Container, containerID kubecontainer.ContainerID, retries int) (probe.Result, string, error) {
    	...
    	for i := 0; i < retries; i++ {
    		result, output, err = pb.runProbe(ctx, probeType, p, pod, status, container, containerID)
    	  ...
    	}
    	...
    }
    

  4. runProbe
    函数中,最终找到了
    timeoutSeconds
    对应的参数
    p.TimeoutSeconds
    ,其作为各个探针命令的超时参数,如在
    httpGet
    类型的探针中,它作为了
    httpClient
    的请求超时时间:

    
    func (pb *prober) runProbe(ctx context.Context, probeType probeType, p *v1.Probe, pod *v1.Pod, status v1.PodStatus, container v1.Container, containerID kubecontainer.ContainerID) (probe.Result, string, error) {
    
      timeout := time.Duration(p.TimeoutSeconds) * time.Second
      
    	if p.Exec != nil {
    		command := kubecontainer.ExpandContainerCommandOnlyStatic(p.Exec.Command, container.Env)
    		return pb.exec.Probe(pb.newExecInContainer(ctx, container, containerID, command, timeout))
    	}
      
    	if p.HTTPGet != nil {
    		req, err := httpprobe.NewRequestForHTTPGetAction(p.HTTPGet, &container, status.PodIP, "probe")
    		...
    		return pb.http.Probe(req, timeout)
    	}
      
    	if p.TCPSocket != nil {
    		port, err := probe.ResolveContainerPort(p.TCPSocket.Port, &container)
    		...
    		host := p.TCPSocket.Host
    		if host == "" {
    			host = status.PodIP
    		}
    		return pb.tcp.Probe(host, port, timeout)
    	}
    
    	if utilfeature.DefaultFeatureGate.Enabled(kubefeatures.GRPCContainerProbe) && p.GRPC != nil {
    		host := status.PodIP
    		service := ""
    		if p.GRPC.Service != nil {
    			service = *p.GRPC.Service
    		}
    		return pb.grpc.Probe(host, service, int(p.GRPC.Port), timeout)
    	}
    	...
    }
    

至此我们可以拼接出
periodSeconds

timeoutSeconds
的关系,其逻辑关系与如下代码类似。

probeTicker := time.NewTicker(periodSeconds)

for {
	select {
	case <-probeTicker.C:
    for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
      if ok:=probe(timeoutSeconds);ok{
        return
      }
    }
}

总结

  • periodSeconds
    用于启动一个周期性调用探针命令的定时器,而
    timeoutSeconds
    作为探针命令的超时参数
  • timeoutSeconds

    periodSeconds
    之间并没有明确的关系。如果
    timeoutSeconds
    =10s,
    periodSeconds
    =5s,则本次探针周期可能为[5s, 30s)之内的任意值,并不是
    该文
    中说的
    periodSeconds=timeoutSeconds
    (由于本文写于3年前,经查阅
    v1.19.10
    版本代码,逻辑上与现有版本代码相同。)
  • 由于健康检查的逻辑大部分都不会很复杂,如检查某个文件是否存在,检查服务的
    /hleathz
    http endpoint是否可以访问等,因此建议将
    timeoutSeconds
    设置为一个小于
    periodSeconds
    的合理的值。

failureThreshold/successThreshold

maxProbeRetries
的关系

  • maxProbeRetries
    用于定义一次探针周期内探针命令执行的最大尝试次数;
  • 如果在一个探针周期内,探针命令返回成功,则
    successThreshold
    加1,反之
    failureThreshold
    加1;

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