TF-IDF 算法原理以及源码实现
TF-IDF(Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency),是用来衡量一个词在文档中的重要性,下面看一下TDF-IDF的公式:
首先是TF,也就是词频,用来衡量一个词在文档中出现频率的指标。假设某词在文档中出现了( n )次,而文档总共包含( N )个词,则该词的TF定义为:
注意:(t,d)中的t表示的是文档中的词汇,d表示的是文档的词汇集合,通过计算TF也就是进行词频率的统计,好的,那么看一下代码的实现。
defcompute_tf(word_dict, doc_words):""":param word_dict: 字符的统计个数
:param doc_words: 文档中的字符集合
:return:"""tf_dict={}
words_len=len(doc_words)for word_i, count_i inword_dict.items():
tf_dict[word_i]= count_i /words_lenreturntf_dict#示例文档 doc1 = "this is a sample"doc2= "this is another example example example"doc3= "this is a different example example" #分割单词 doc1_words =doc1.split()
doc2_words=doc2.split()
doc3_words=doc3.split()#计算每个文档的词频 word_dict1 =Counter(doc1_words)
word_dict2=Counter(doc2_words)
word_dict3=Counter(doc3_words)#计算TF tf1 =compute_tf(word_dict1, doc1_words)
tf2=compute_tf(word_dict2, doc2_words)
tf3=compute_tf(word_dict3, doc3_words)print(f'tf1:{tf1}')print(f'tf2:{tf2}')print(f'tf3:{tf3}')#tf1:{'this': 0.25, 'is': 0.25, 'a': 0.25, 'sample': 0.25}#tf2:{'this': 0.16666666666666666, 'is': 0.16666666666666666, 'another': 0.16666666666666666, 'example': 0.5}#tf3:{'this': 0.16666666666666666, 'is': 0.16666666666666666, 'a': 0.16666666666666666, 'different': 0.16666666666666666, 'example': 0.3333333333333333}
看完TF的计算之后,我们看一下IDF的定义,公式和对应的实现吧,IDF的定义是:即逆文档频率,反映了词的稀有程度,IDF越高,说明词越稀有。这个逆文档频率也就是说一个词的文档集合中出现的次数越少,他就越具有表征型,因为在文中有很多“的”,“了”这种词,这些词重要性不大,反而出现少的词重要性大一点,来看一下IDF的公式:
其中,( D )是文档总数,( df_t )是包含词( t )的文档数量。通过取对数,可以避免数值过大的问题,同时保证了IDF的单调递减特性,下面看一下代码的现实:
defcompute_idf(doc_list):""":param doc_list: 文档的集合
:return:"""sum_list= list(set([word_i for doc_i in doc_list for word_i indoc_i]))
idf_dict= {word_i: 0 for word_i insum_list}for word_j insum_list:for doc_j indoc_list:if word_j indoc_j:
idf_dict[word_j]+= 1 return {k: math.log(len(doc_list) / (v + 1)) for k, v inidf_dict.items()}#示例文档 doc1 = "this is a sample"doc2= "this is another example example example"doc3= "this is a different example example" #分割单词 doc1_words =doc1.split()
doc2_words=doc2.split()
doc3_words=doc3.split()#计算每个文档的词频 word_dict1 =Counter(doc1_words)
word_dict2=Counter(doc2_words)
word_dict3=Counter(doc3_words)#计算整个文档集合的IDF idf =compute_idf([doc1_words, doc2_words, doc3_words])#idf:{'different': 0.4054651081081644, 'another': 0.4054651081081644, 'a': 0.0, 'example': 0.0, 'this': -0.2876820724517809, 'sample': 0.4054651081081644, 'is': -0.2876820724517809}
通过结果可以发现,different、another和sample都比is、a等词汇的IDF值要高,代表越重要。
好的,最后看一下TF-IDF的公式吧,
$$TF-IDF=TF*IDF $$
TF-IDF 就是TF*IDF,来综合的评价一个词在文档中的重要性。
最后看一下完整的代码,
importmathfrom collections importCounterimportmathdefcompute_tfidf(tf_dict, idf_dict):
tfidf={}for word, tf_value intf_dict.items():
tfidf[word]= tf_value *idf_dict[word]returntfidfdefcompute_tf(word_dict, doc_words):""":param word_dict: 字符的统计个数
:param doc_words: 文档中的字符集合
:return:"""tf_dict={}
words_len=len(doc_words)for word_i, count_i inword_dict.items():
tf_dict[word_i]= count_i /words_lenreturntf_dictdefcompute_idf(doc_list):""":param doc_list: 文档的集合
:return:"""sum_list= list(set([word_i for doc_i in doc_list for word_i indoc_i]))
idf_dict= {word_i: 0 for word_i insum_list}for word_j insum_list:for doc_j indoc_list:if word_j indoc_j:
idf_dict[word_j]+= 1 return {k: math.log(len(doc_list) / (v + 1)) for k, v inidf_dict.items()}#示例文档 doc1 = "this is a sample"doc2= "this is another example example example"doc3= "this is a different example example" #分割单词 doc1_words =doc1.split()
doc2_words=doc2.split()
doc3_words=doc3.split()#计算每个文档的词频 word_dict1 =Counter(doc1_words)
word_dict2=Counter(doc2_words)
word_dict3=Counter(doc3_words)#计算TF tf1 =compute_tf(word_dict1, doc1_words)
tf2=compute_tf(word_dict2, doc2_words)
tf3=compute_tf(word_dict3, doc3_words)print(f'tf1:{tf1}')print(f'tf2:{tf2}')print(f'tf3:{tf3}')#计算整个文档集合的IDF idf =compute_idf([doc1_words, doc2_words, doc3_words])print(f'idf:{idf}')#计算每个文档的TF-IDF tfidf1 =compute_tfidf(tf1, idf)
tfidf2=compute_tfidf(tf2, idf)
tfidf3=compute_tfidf(tf3, idf)print("TF-IDF for Document 1:", tfidf1)print("TF-IDF for Document 2:", tfidf2)print("TF-IDF for Document 3:", tfidf3)"""tf1:{'this': 0.25, 'is': 0.25, 'a': 0.25, 'sample': 0.25}
tf2:{'this': 0.16666666666666666, 'is': 0.16666666666666666, 'another': 0.16666666666666666, 'example': 0.5}
tf3:{'this': 0.16666666666666666, 'is': 0.16666666666666666, 'a': 0.16666666666666666, 'different': 0.16666666666666666, 'example': 0.3333333333333333}
idf:{'example': 0.0, 'different': 0.4054651081081644, 'this': -0.2876820724517809, 'another': 0.4054651081081644, 'is': -0.2876820724517809, 'a': 0.0, 'sample': 0.4054651081081644}
TF-IDF for Document 1: {'this': -0.07192051811294523, 'is': -0.07192051811294523, 'a': 0.0, 'sample': 0.1013662770270411}
TF-IDF for Document 2: {'this': -0.047947012075296815, 'is': -0.047947012075296815, 'another': 0.06757751801802739, 'example': 0.0}
TF-IDF for Document 3: {'this': -0.047947012075296815, 'is': -0.047947012075296815, 'a': 0.0, 'different': 0.06757751801802739, 'example': 0.0}"""